Measuring Instruments in the Panelboard

1. Frequency Meter

Ø Measures on how many times an event occur. This frequency meter is usually refrred to as counter. Frequency meter is connected in series with the generators. A problem also with the use of an frequency meter is the need for the meter to be inserted into the circuit and become part of it.

Warning: Mistakenly placing it in parallel with a circuit will blow the fuse, possibly damaging the meter and causing injury. In AC circuits, a current transformer converts the magnetic field around a conductor into a small AC current.

2. kVAR meter

As its name implies, kVAR meter measures or present the amount of reactive power present in a circuit. As we all know, KW and KVAR are confusing.

It seems that usually, one thinks that if KVAR's in a system is equal to zero, then there is no power flowing. (maling mali po). This person fails to understand that real power and apparent power are not the same for a system operating with a no unity power factor. This apparent power is simply circulating power due to the phase shift between the source and the loads. This additional power that appears to be flowing requires the equipment to be rated higher than that for a system operating at unity.

Obviously these circulating currents are really producing no useful work. It is the job of the EE or the power plant operator to correct the load reactance as close as possible to unity to increase efficiency and reduce operational costs. Thus, kVAR meter is very much helpful in the power plant.

3. Kilowatt Meter

Ø The kilowatt-hour meter is designed to reliably, and accurately measure the electrical energy (kWh) used in your home or place of business.

Ø When you look at the face of a kilowatt-hour meter, across the middle you will see a metal horizontal disc that turns when energy is being used. This disc is designed to turn like a motor wheel when energy passes through the meter, and it is calibrated so that one rotation of the disc corresponds to a specific number of kilowatt-hours. This means that depending on the meter make or type, one meter may spin twice as fast as another to register the same kilowatt-hours.

Ø The kilowatt meter and kilovolt-ampere meter measure the power (demand) delivered to the facility being metered averaged over a short duration of time. These facilities are larger users of power than residential or small commercial energy use

4. Synchroscope

Ø A synchroscope indicates when two AC generators are in the correct phase relation forconnecting in parallel and shows whether the incoming generator is running faster or slower than the on-line generator. The synchroscope consists of a two-phase stator. The two stator windings are at right angles to one another, and by means of a phase-splitting network, the current in one phase leads the current of the other phase by 90°, thereby generating a rotating magnetic field.

Ø The stator windings are connected to the incoming generator, and a polarizing coil is connected to the running generator. The rotating element is unrestrained and is free to rotate through 360°. It consists of two iron vanes mounted in opposite directions on a shaft, one at the top and one at the bottom, and magnetized by the polarizing coil.

Ø If the frequencies of the incoming and running generators are different, the synchroscope willrotate at a speed corresponding to the difference. It is designed so that if incoming frequency is higher than running frequency, it will rotate in the clockwise direction; if incoming frequency is less than running frequency, it will rotate in the counterclockwise direction. When the synchroscope indicates 0^o phase difference, the pointer is at the "12 o’clock" position and the two AC generators are in phase.

Automatic transfer Switch, time delay???

EMERGENCY!
Dalawang supply sa ATS, isa galing sa utility company, isa galing sa generator para sa emergency power supply. 

In case of any undervoltage, overvoltage, loss of phase, or total power failure, ang generator ay gagana after a PRESET TIME DELAY. 

Then once na nastabilize ang generator voltage, that's the only time na ang UTILITY ACB ay mag-oopen o madidisconnect, at ang GENERATOR ACB ay magcloclose.


NORMAL...
When the utiility power returns, the utility ACB will IMMEDIATELY BE CLOSED.

However, in this case, hindi agad-agad magdidisconnect ang generator.

Magkakasabay pa din sila.. parehong aandar ang dalawang ACB and after a preset time delay (after magcool down ang generator), that's the only time that the GENERATOR ACB will be OPENED and disconnected again.

Mga Tao sa Likod ng ating Electrical Convenience Ngayon

• Ang pinakaunang electrical engineer na nabuhay noong 17 th century ay si WILLIAM GILBERT, isang scientist at natural philosoper. Sabi nga , siya ang father ng electricity at magnetism. 

• William concluded that the Earth was itself magnetic and that this was the reasoncompasses point north (previously, some believed that it was the pole star (Polaris) or a large magnetic island on the north pole that attracted the compass). He was the first to argue, correctly, that the centre of the Earth was iron, and he considered an important and related property of magnets was that they can be cut, each forming a new magnet with north and south poles.

• In his book, he also studied static electricity using amber; amber is called elektron in Greek, so Gilbert decided to call its effect the electric force. Sya ang gumawa ng unang electroscope, gamit ang isang karayom.

• Ang pinakaunang tao naman na gumamit ng word na ELECTRICITY naman ay si Sir Thomas Browne, isang manunulat, Ang salita ay galing sa LATIN word na electricus, meaning "like amber". 

• Sinundan si William Gilbert ni Alesandro Volta, isang physicist, na syang nakagawa ng BATTERY o ng unang electric cell. Sya ang nakadiskubre sa electric capaitance (C), sa charge (Q) at sa electric potential (V). ( Q = CV)

• Di rin pwedeng mawala sa listahan si ginawa ni Benjamin Franklin sa kanyang researches. Sya lang ang bukod tanging nagpalipad ng saranggola habang umuuln ng malakas at nagpatunay na ang kidlat ay isang klase ng kuryente. Dun din pumasok sa kanyang mga pagsasaliksik ang teorya sa grounding at marami pang iba. 

• Pagkatapos sa kanya ay si George Ohm, isang German physicist at guro, na sya namang nagexplain ng pagkakaiba ng electric current at potential difference sa isang conductor na nagsimula ng electrical circuit analysis. Sikat ang kanyang OHMS LAW V = IR, at mula sa kanyang mga nagawang principle, ay ang applications na ng electric current.

• Andyan din si Michael Faraday, ang nag-imbento ng electric motor. Sa kanya nagsimula ang electromagnetic induction. Isang chemist at physicist, pinaghalong nya ang dalawang science at nabuo ang electrochermistry. 

• Si Nikola Tesla naman kung saan pinangalan ang unit ng electromagnetic flux, ang "tesla", hehe. Sya naman ay nagconcentrate sa electromechanical engineering. Sa AC machines at sa polypahse, panalong panalo tayo sa kanyang mga ibinahaging kaalaman.

• Si Thomas Edison naman ang pinakapaborito ko. Siya lang naman ang nakaimbento ng motion-picture camera at ang nagdala ng liwanag sa ating kabahayan sa kanyang naimbentong "ELECTRIC BULB". At an early age, Thomas Edison developed a hearing impairment, pero di ito naging hadlang para di sya magtagumpay. Napunta sila sa Michigan ng kanyang pamilya at dun ay nagtinda sya ng mga candy, newspaper at mga gulay. At dahil sa likas na madiskarte, ang maliit na businessman ay swerteng napasok sa GENERAL ELECTRIC, isang malaking company. Quotable quote: We will make electricity so cheap that only the rich will burn candles." =)

Inside The Big Box

Parang sa larong CHESS, ang bawat bahagi ng magnetic control ay may kanya-kanyang operasyon. Bawat isa ay nagtutulungan para madepensahan ang kanilang hari, TAYONG MGA TAO.

MCC, 440 V, Free-standing in Nema I enclosure and to contain the ff:

Main: 700 AT, 3P, MCCB

Metering: 
1 - Digital multimeter
5 - Cylindrical fuse
3 - current transformer 

Ang main circuit breaker ay mahahalintulad sa isang reyna. Sya ang pinakamalaking proteksyon sa control circuit. Sya ang humaharang sa mga aksidenteng pwedeng mangyari.

Ang Digital Multimeter naman ang BISHOP. Sya ang kanang kamay ng CIRCUIT BREAKER.
Katulad ng bishop, ito'y nagsisilbing tagamonitor sa daloy ng kuryente. Iba't ibang klase ng importanteng impormasyon ang pwedeng makita dito kasama na ang boltahe, amperahe, power, hertz at iba pa)

Ang mga fuse naman at current transformer ang mga pawn. Bilang auxiliary devices, sila ay tulong para sa malaking equipment gaya ng metro.


to be continued...

Trouble sa Bahay? Maghanap ba?

Karaniwang electrical problems: faulty wiring, maraming appliances sa isang circuit, sirang switch at receptacles, defective electrical cords, etc. Ang short circuit ay nagyayari lamang pag ang hot wire ay natama sa neutral o sa ground wire. Ang extrang current na dumadaan sa conductors ay magpapatrip sa breaker.

Note: I-off ang breaker at RESET. Heto ang limang kondisyon na dapat tingnan sa pagtrtroubleshoot ng electrical fault.

1) PAG NAGTRIP KAAGAD ang breaker ==> ang switch o receptacle ay shorted
2) PAG HINDI NAGTRIP ANG BREAKER AGAD ==> iturn off lahat ng appliances o load, o switches at isa isang pagananahin.
3)PAG NAGTURN ON NG ISANG SWITCH AT NAGTRIP ANG BREAKER ==> merong short circuit sa fixture o receptacle na kinokontrol ng switch
4) PAG HINDI GUMANA ANG CIRCUIT PAGKATAPOS IPLUG ANG APPLIANCE ==> ang problema ay nasa electrical cord ng appliance
5) PAG HINDI GUMANA ANG CIRCUIT PAGKATAPOS I-TURN ON ANG APPLIANCE ==> ang appliance mismo ang depektibo

Welcome to Wherever You Are (Translation) by Bon Jovi

Jan 16, 2013

I have never liked the type of music bon jovi plays when I was a child.. but yesterday, Jan. 15, 2013, I happened to listen one of his songs and found it very real and meaningful. :) 

Maybe we're different, but we're still the same
Siguro nga magkaiba pero pareho pa din tayo

We all got the blood of Eden, running through our veins
Nananalaytay sa ugat natin ang dugo ng Eden

I know sometimes it's hard for you to see
Lam kong mahirap para sa yo mapagtanto

You come between just who you are and who you wanna be
Ika’y nalilito sa kung sino ka at ano ang gusto mo

If you feel alone, and lost and need a friend
Kung pakiramdam mo’y ikaw ay nag-iisa at kailangan ng kasama

Remember every new beginning, is some beginning's end
Tandaan lang na ang lahat ng pagsisimula ay pagtatapos ng isa..

Welcome to wherever you are
Tuloy ka lang sa kung saan ka ngayon

This is your life, you made it this far
Buhay mo yan, layo na din ng iyong napuntahan

Welcome, you gotta believe
Tuloy ka, manalig ka lang

That right here right now, you're exactly where you're supposed to be
Karapatdapat namang andito ka

Welcome, to wherever you are
Tuloy lang, tuloy ka.

When everybody's in, and you're left out
Kung ikaw ma’y minsan napag-iiwanan

And you feel your drowning, in a shadow of a doubt
At pakiramdam mo’y nalulunod ka sa walang kasiguraduhan

Everyones a miracle in their own way
Lahat tayo’y may mahika sa kanya-kanyang paraan

Just listen to yourself, not what other people say
Wag makinig sa iba, sarili’y paniwalaan.

When it seems you're lost, alone and feeling down
Kung ikaw man ay nawawala, nalulungkot at nag-iisa

Remember everybody's different
Tandaan mong lahat tayo’y iba-iba

Just take a look around
Tumingin ka lang, kaibigan

Be who you want to, be who you are
Magpakatotoo ka, at sa gusto mong maging

Everyones a hero, everyones a star
Lahat tayo’y bayani, lahat tayo’y bituin

When you wanna give up, and your hearts about to break
At kapag gusto mo nang sumuko at nasaktan ang iyong puso

Remember that you're perfect, God makes no mistakes
Ang Dyos na gumawa ay laging tama.. tayo’y perpekto. 

Girl You Can Do It!!

At times when you want to achieve something

but others find you weird

when not all people believe in you

even "you" yourself when someone is better than you

don't give up, be strong

show them what you can do

when you try things and it's almost always wrong

and others laugh and seems to say "hey, you can give up

now, it's not for you"

don't fight back, just be quiet

and proove them that they are wrong

when others are better, that doesn't mean you are less

it just means you have to persevere more,

and believe me, with your heart, 

passion and with GOD's grace,

GIRL, YOU CAN ACHIEVE YOUR GOALS!!

The Road Not Taken (bow!) with TAGALOG TRANSLATION

July 23, 2011

Due to spare time, nakapagtranslate ako ng isang tula. (hehe)



Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, 
Dalawang daang naghiwalay sa may kakahuyan
And sorry I could not travel both
Ako’y nanghihinayang dahil dapat pamilian
And be one traveler, long I stood
Sa paglalakbay, matagal akong nakatayo’t nakatanaw
And looked down one as far as I could
Napatingin sa pinakamalayo ng unang daan
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
Di ko maaninag nang husto ang sa dulo’y nakaliko
Then took the other, as just as fair,
Kagyat kong pinili ngayon itong pangalawa
And having perhaps the better claim,
Dahil siguro mas makabubuting landasin kesa sa isa
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Ito’y madamo at wari ko’y sobrang napaglumaan na
Though as for that the passing there
Subalit sa pagpili sa daang magkasanga 
Had worn them really about the same,
Mapagtatantong sila’y magkahawig din pala
And both that morning equally lay
O, sa umagang yun sila ay parehong 
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Walang bakas ni isang pares ng paa! 
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Sabi ko, “bukas ko na lang tingnan yung una”
Yet knowing how way leads on to way
Kahit alam kong sa paglalakbay na ito
I doubted if I should ever come back.
Mahirap nang bumalik pa sa umpisa 
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Balang araw mapagtatanto ko rin nang may buntong hininga
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Minsan nakaraan na ang ilang taon
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-
May dalawang kalsada akong pinamilian
I took the one less traveled by,
Aking tinahak ang di masyadong napupuntahan
And that has made all the difference.
At malaking pagbabago na mula doon. ;)

NEUTRAL WIRE? ANO YUN??

Ano ba ang neutral wire? Well, madali pong masagot yun ng isang electrical student. Neutral wire is a wire used for grounding na pwede ding magdala ng current and is coded with a "WHITE COLOR" 

Ngunit paano ba maeexplain ng isang electrical student or grad ang neutral wire sa ibang tao. Well, simple lang. =) Ang neutral wire ay nakakonekta sa SAFETY GROUND sa SERVICE ENTRANCE o abang kaya pag kinukuhan ng boltahe ang neutral at ground ay ala talagang makukuha kasi magkadugtong silang dalawa.

Ngunit bakit ba tayo gumagamit ng neutral wire??? =) sa grounding lang ba to? 

Ginagamit ang nuetral wire to ALLOW the three-phase system to use a higher voltage while still supporting lower-voltage single-phase appliances.

Halimbawa, yung main supply natin na three-phase ay 400 V, at meron tayong load na kailangan sa 240 V lang ( square root of 3 para sa line-to-neutral na voltage). Magagamit natin ang neutral wire dito. Ang kuryente kasi ay parang tubig. It needs a complete circuit to flow


Ganito kasi yun, kung 3-phase load ang ikakabit, tallong wire ang meron tayo. Hindi na natin masyadong kailangan ng neutral wire, kasi ang tatlong wire ay ikokonekta sa tatlong linya, LINE A, LINE B at LINE C. Ang magiging voltage ay phase-to-phase. Kaya kung 440 V ang boltahe mo sa MAIN SUPPLY, 440 V din ang voltage sa three-phase na load. Ngunit para sa single phase na load, dalawang wire lang ang ikakabit sa supply. Isa pwedeng ikabit sa A, B o C (hot wire) at ang isa naman ay ikakabit sa neutral.

Ang nuetral wire ang maghahatid ng return current sa electrical company o sa source ng kuryente para makompleto ang circuit. =) At tandaan, mas mababa na ang voltage nito.


Pero what if lahat ng load ay three-phase din. Bat kakailanganin natin ng neutral wire?????????
Well, nangyayari to sa four-wire at five-wire system. Mas nakakaintriga sa five-wire system. May tatlong hot wire na, may grounding wire din, may NEUTRAL WIRE PA. Nakakalito? Hmmnn.

As long as the 3 loads (for each of the 3 phases) are perfectly balanced, there is no need for a neutral. Kayang kaya dalhin yun ng tatlong linya. Pero, almost all the time, lalo na sa mga residential, ang balanced load na design ng mga engineer, di din nangyayari. Hindi kasi lahat ng appliances at nagaganit. Right??

And worse, what if isang linya lang ang gumana. Let's say, yung line A lang na loads ang magagamit, samantalang ala sa line B at line C. Ang unbalanced current na yun, ay best suited na dalhin ng fourth wire, at yun ANG NUETRAL WIRE. ;)

ELECTRICITY IS AN IMPERSONAL EXISTENCE

Impersonal' means one that does not belong to any side, nobody is his friend and nobody is his enemy. The universe has no friends and enemies, because the so-called enemies are inside it only and the friends are also inside; so, to whom does it belong?
It can cook your food, heat your stove and move the railway train, but it can also destroy life.
Di basta-basta nginingitian ang kuryente. Sabi nga nila, kahit gaano katagal nagawa ang isang building, in split seconds na may nangyaring electrical fault at hindi naagapan, pwede sumabog at mawalan ng ari-arian, and worse, pwedeng bumawi ng buhay.

Causes of Fire:
1. fixed wiring 34.7%
2. cords at mga plugs 17.2%3. light fixtures 12.4%
4. switches, receptacles and outlets 11.4%
5. lamps and light bulbs 8.3%
6. fuses at maging ang mga circut brakers 5.6%
7. metro at meter boxes 2.2%
8. mga transformers 1.0%
9. unclassiified o di nakikilang mga distribution equipments 7.3%

Safety measures should always be at-the-top-of-the-list priority. After all, prevention is always better
than anything else!

ang lawak ng electrical angineering.. sobrang lawak. hehe

Sa electrical engineering, maraming field and pwede pasukin. Nandyan ang supply and installation, maintenance and supervisory, design and estimate, sa power system, andyan din ang consultancy, pwede magbypass sa safety engineering o kaya pumasok sa calibration ng instruments, o kaya mag qtms or quality, testing and monitoring standards na isa sa pinakaimportanteng aspect ng products at services.


Well, sa anumang klase ng trabaho meron sa electrical, lahat dapat accurate at sigurado. Di pwede magkamali kasi kuryente po ang kalaban dito. Haruy.

Turbine generator? Parang nakita ba kita??? (o sun dial lang?!!)

September 2, 2009

I'm not a UP graduate, pero kung minsan pumapasyal pasyal na din ako dun dahil sa friends ko..

Nitong huli lang ay napagtripan naming maglibot libot sa UP diliman kasi holiday, alang pasok, national heroes day (August 21, 2009). Nag-enjoy naman din ako nang my nakita ako na malaking sculpture sa college of engineering na pinagawa ng mga UP ALUMNI. Isang malaking "U" na may malaking bar sa gitna.

Parang may arrow sa gitna ng arc, na di mawari kung ano. Well, sa picture sa kaliwa, putol ang semi circle na yun, kaya di mo masyado makikita. Una pumasok sa isip kin, yung U-shaped thing as a REPRESENTATION of a MAGNET, while the BAR-SHAPED na nakikita nyong nakasandal sa circle pointing sa U-shaped at parang "I" is an electromagnetic shaft. At ano ba yun???? hmmnnn...

Depicting the basic principle ng electricity, ang DALAWANG BAGAY na yun ay BUMUBUO NG ISANG TURBINE GENERATOR.

The diagram below shows how electricity is produced through ELECTRONAGNETISM.


Pero, dapat din pala, ang shaft ay napapalibutan ng COIL ng wire.


Ang magnet na merong DALAWANG POLES ay merong opposing magnetic force. Ang magnetic force na to ay nagpepenetrate sa coils making the shaft rotate. Ito ang dahilan bakit umiikot ang shaft. At sa tuwing umiikot ito, ang coil ang nagiging CONDUCTOR ng kuryente. Each section ng wire becomes a small, separate eletric conductor na unti unting nagkakaroon ng malaking CURRENT. Ito na ngayong ang nagiging ELECTRIC POWER na maaring magamit ng tao. ;)

Ngunit, datapwat, subalit, at pero, hehe, hindi naman din pala turbine generator yun, isa palang SUN DIAL na ginawa ng mga UP ALUMNI..=( well, ok na din yun.

ONDOY!!!!

Sept 29, 2009 - "The biggest floods in decades threatened Vietnam's central provinces on Wednesday following a powerful typhoon that swept into the country. 

Typhoon Ketsana slammed into Vietnam late on Tuesday dumping torrential rain across central Vietnam that left 294,000 homes destroyed, damaged or submerged by floods. Around 357,000 people in 10 provinces were evacuated."

FYI, ang bagyo ay nagpalit lang ng pangalan pero ito pa din ang bagyong nagdulot ng takot at kawalan dito sa Pilipinas. Ondoy?!! Well, sya na nga. Date dito sa Pilipinas? Sept. 26, 2009.


It's not often, or let's say, very UNUSUAL to get flooded in 25 provinces in just 12 hours, na karamihan ay lampas-tao pa ang baha. It actually made most of the hometowns here in Luzon almost an OCEAN. =(

And the most common set-up sa mga naapektuhan: no food, no vehicle, no water, and NO ELECTRICITY.
Due to massive flooding, the Manila Electric Co. cut off power last Saturday in some areas of its franchise to ensure the safety and protection of residents.

Kasama sa mga nawalan ng kuryente ay Malabon, Quezon City, Rizal, Marikina, Makati, Las Piñas,Taguig, Manila, Taytay, Cardona, Morong, Cainta and Teresa Rizal.

Nine substations were actually affected by the massive flood.

POWER LINES
Ang ilang mga tao ay nakakapit na sa POWER LINES na nasa matataas na poste para lang makatawid sa baha. Buti na lang at alang kuryente. Kung meron, ay napakadelikado nito.

Ang broken power line kasi na nakasadsad sa ground ay nagdadala ng napakataas na boltahe. Kailangan nating lumayo ng AT LEAST 10 METERS pag makakita ng ganito para maiwasang makuryente.

What more sa baha, kung saan ang tubig ay napakalapit dito. Water is a very good conductor of electricity thus it's very hazardous to let electricity pass through the power lines in a flood so close to them. Buti na lang at listo din ang MERALCO.

However, it was also a very uneasy feeling na malamang kinailangan pang kumapit ng mga tao kahit sa kable ng kuryente dahil sa napakataas na baha..

That's how powerful Ondoy was!!


APPLIANCES:
Warning: Do not use electrical appliances that have been wet. Water can damage the motors in electrical appliances, such as furnaces, freezers, refrigerators, washing machines, and dryers.

Conclusion: It seems that God reminds us about our shortcomings.

ELECTRICAL JOKES

Heto ang mga engneering jokes na nakakaaliw at nakakuha ng aking atensyon. ;p
1) 

Efficiency Expert

The efficiency expert concluded his lecture with a note of caution. "You don't want to try these techniques at home."

"Why not?" asked someone from the back of the audience.

"I watched my wife's routine at breakfast for years," the expert explained.

"She made lots of trips to the refrigerator, stove, table and cabinets, often carrying just a single item at a time. 'Hon,' I suggested, 'Why don't you try carrying several things at once?'"

The voice from the back asked, "Did it save time?"

The expert replied, "Actually, yes. It used to take her 20 minutes to get breakfast ready. Now I do it in seven." (oo nag naman, hehe)

2) The Misplaced Engineer

An engineer dies and reports to the pearly gates. St. Peter checks his dossier and says, "Ah, you're an engineer - You're in the wrong place."

Pretty soon, the engineer gets dissatisfied with the level of comfort in hell, and starts designing and building improvements. After a while, they've got air conditioning and flush toilets and escalators, and the engineer is a pretty popular guy.

One day God calls Satan up on the phone and says with a sneer,"So, how's it going down there in hell?"

Satan replies, "Hey, things are going great. We've got air conditioning and flush toilets and escalators, and there's no telling what this engineer is going to come up with next."

God replies, "What? You've got an engineer? That's a mistake - he should never have gotten down there. Send him back up."

Satan says, "No way. I like having an engineer on the staff, and I'm keeping him."

God says, "Send him back up here or I'll sue!"

Satan laughs uproariously and answers, "Yeah, right. And just where are you going to get a lawyer?" (well, NC)

Nang Magloko si Gensets

July 27, 2011 

Kanina, pagkatest run ng genset, nag-alarm kaagad sa control panel. Ang dahilan o fault: UNDERVOLTAGE. 

Paliwanag ng contractor: Ang AVR na to ay may problema, hindi sya nakakapag-generate talaga ng output kaya pagkaraan ng ilang segundo, pababa nang pababa ang BOLTAHE. ang nababasa nyong voltage na 80 V, 78V ay residual VOLTAGE na lang, 

Ano yun??? hehehe 

Solution: 
I-adjust ang setting ng AVR, as suggested ng mga contractor? Well, di ko sure pero dapat siguro mas nagtroubleshoot pa sila. 

Another Solution: 
Ang main generator, lalo na pag nasa labas, ay kailangan icheck parati pag umuulan at masiguradong di nababasa. Tingnan kung ang AVR ay tuyo at walang naapektuhan dahil pag ang electrical parts ay nagkaroon ng problema, malaking gastos. Kung nagloloko pa din, tingnan ang terminal ng battery. Ang biglang pag-undervoltage habang pinapaandar ang genset ay maaaring epekto pa din ng loose connection sa battery. 

====================================================== 

In a generator, residual magnetism, also known as 'remanence' or remanent flux, is due to the hysteresis of the magnetic material in the core. When the current is removed, the magnetic flux often remains at some non-zero value. This is a characteristic phenomenon of ferromagnetic materials. 

The residual voltage after a generator has been stopped is due to the capacitance of the insulation system. On medium voltage generators, this capacitance can store a fairly significant amount of charge, and will give an unpleasant shock if you happen to contact it before being discharged. 

The other answerer mentioned that it is residual magnetism which is responsible for some form of excitation. In large generators, the field excitation is practically always externally controlled. In medium and smaller generators, a permanent magnet exciter is used to generate the current for field excitation. And, while permanent magnets do offer the most obvious form of residual magnetism, their magnetism is not dependent on generator currents, as implied by the earlier answerer. (nosebleed) 


source: http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071207235520AAZoAr9